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-# sql/events.py
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2024 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
-# <see AUTHORS file>
-#
-# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
-# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from typing import Any
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
-
-from .base import SchemaEventTarget
-from .. import event
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
- from .schema import Column
- from .schema import Constraint
- from .schema import SchemaItem
- from .schema import Table
- from ..engine.base import Connection
- from ..engine.interfaces import ReflectedColumn
- from ..engine.reflection import Inspector
-
-
-class DDLEvents(event.Events[SchemaEventTarget]):
- """
- Define event listeners for schema objects,
- that is, :class:`.SchemaItem` and other :class:`.SchemaEventTarget`
- subclasses, including :class:`_schema.MetaData`, :class:`_schema.Table`,
- :class:`_schema.Column`, etc.
-
- **Create / Drop Events**
-
- Events emitted when CREATE and DROP commands are emitted to the database.
- The event hooks in this category include :meth:`.DDLEvents.before_create`,
- :meth:`.DDLEvents.after_create`, :meth:`.DDLEvents.before_drop`, and
- :meth:`.DDLEvents.after_drop`.
-
- These events are emitted when using schema-level methods such as
- :meth:`.MetaData.create_all` and :meth:`.MetaData.drop_all`. Per-object
- create/drop methods such as :meth:`.Table.create`, :meth:`.Table.drop`,
- :meth:`.Index.create` are also included, as well as dialect-specific
- methods such as :meth:`_postgresql.ENUM.create`.
-
- .. versionadded:: 2.0 :class:`.DDLEvents` event hooks now take place
- for non-table objects including constraints, indexes, and
- dialect-specific schema types.
-
- Event hooks may be attached directly to a :class:`_schema.Table` object or
- to a :class:`_schema.MetaData` collection, as well as to any
- :class:`.SchemaItem` class or object that can be individually created and
- dropped using a distinct SQL command. Such classes include :class:`.Index`,
- :class:`.Sequence`, and dialect-specific classes such as
- :class:`_postgresql.ENUM`.
-
- Example using the :meth:`.DDLEvents.after_create` event, where a custom
- event hook will emit an ``ALTER TABLE`` command on the current connection,
- after ``CREATE TABLE`` is emitted::
-
- from sqlalchemy import create_engine
- from sqlalchemy import event
- from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, Metadata, Integer
-
- m = MetaData()
- some_table = Table('some_table', m, Column('data', Integer))
-
- @event.listens_for(some_table, "after_create")
- def after_create(target, connection, **kw):
- connection.execute(text(
- "ALTER TABLE %s SET name=foo_%s" % (target.name, target.name)
- ))
-
-
- some_engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@host/test")
-
- # will emit "CREATE TABLE some_table" as well as the above
- # "ALTER TABLE" statement afterwards
- m.create_all(some_engine)
-
- Constraint objects such as :class:`.ForeignKeyConstraint`,
- :class:`.UniqueConstraint`, :class:`.CheckConstraint` may also be
- subscribed to these events, however they will **not** normally produce
- events as these objects are usually rendered inline within an
- enclosing ``CREATE TABLE`` statement and implicitly dropped from a
- ``DROP TABLE`` statement.
-
- For the :class:`.Index` construct, the event hook will be emitted
- for ``CREATE INDEX``, however SQLAlchemy does not normally emit
- ``DROP INDEX`` when dropping tables as this is again implicit within the
- ``DROP TABLE`` statement.
-
- .. versionadded:: 2.0 Support for :class:`.SchemaItem` objects
- for create/drop events was expanded from its previous support for
- :class:`.MetaData` and :class:`.Table` to also include
- :class:`.Constraint` and all subclasses, :class:`.Index`,
- :class:`.Sequence` and some type-related constructs such as
- :class:`_postgresql.ENUM`.
-
- .. note:: These event hooks are only emitted within the scope of
- SQLAlchemy's create/drop methods; they are not necessarily supported
- by tools such as `alembic <https://alembic.sqlalchemy.org>`_.
-
-
- **Attachment Events**
-
- Attachment events are provided to customize
- behavior whenever a child schema element is associated
- with a parent, such as when a :class:`_schema.Column` is associated
- with its :class:`_schema.Table`, when a
- :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`
- is associated with a :class:`_schema.Table`, etc. These events include
- :meth:`.DDLEvents.before_parent_attach` and
- :meth:`.DDLEvents.after_parent_attach`.
-
- **Reflection Events**
-
- The :meth:`.DDLEvents.column_reflect` event is used to intercept
- and modify the in-Python definition of database columns when
- :term:`reflection` of database tables proceeds.
-
- **Use with Generic DDL**
-
- DDL events integrate closely with the
- :class:`.DDL` class and the :class:`.ExecutableDDLElement` hierarchy
- of DDL clause constructs, which are themselves appropriate
- as listener callables::
-
- from sqlalchemy import DDL
- event.listen(
- some_table,
- "after_create",
- DDL("ALTER TABLE %(table)s SET name=foo_%(table)s")
- )
-
- **Event Propagation to MetaData Copies**
-
- For all :class:`.DDLEvent` events, the ``propagate=True`` keyword argument
- will ensure that a given event handler is propagated to copies of the
- object, which are made when using the :meth:`_schema.Table.to_metadata`
- method::
-
- from sqlalchemy import DDL
-
- metadata = MetaData()
- some_table = Table("some_table", metadata, Column("data", Integer))
-
- event.listen(
- some_table,
- "after_create",
- DDL("ALTER TABLE %(table)s SET name=foo_%(table)s"),
- propagate=True
- )
-
- new_metadata = MetaData()
- new_table = some_table.to_metadata(new_metadata)
-
- The above :class:`.DDL` object will be associated with the
- :meth:`.DDLEvents.after_create` event for both the ``some_table`` and
- the ``new_table`` :class:`.Table` objects.
-
- .. seealso::
-
- :ref:`event_toplevel`
-
- :class:`.ExecutableDDLElement`
-
- :class:`.DDL`
-
- :ref:`schema_ddl_sequences`
-
- """
-
- _target_class_doc = "SomeSchemaClassOrObject"
- _dispatch_target = SchemaEventTarget
-
- def before_create(
- self, target: SchemaEventTarget, connection: Connection, **kw: Any
- ) -> None:
- r"""Called before CREATE statements are emitted.
-
- :param target: the :class:`.SchemaObject`, such as a
- :class:`_schema.MetaData` or :class:`_schema.Table`
- but also including all create/drop objects such as
- :class:`.Index`, :class:`.Sequence`, etc.,
- object which is the target of the event.
-
- .. versionadded:: 2.0 Support for all :class:`.SchemaItem` objects
- was added.
-
- :param connection: the :class:`_engine.Connection` where the
- CREATE statement or statements will be emitted.
- :param \**kw: additional keyword arguments relevant
- to the event. The contents of this dictionary
- may vary across releases, and include the
- list of tables being generated for a metadata-level
- event, the checkfirst flag, and other
- elements used by internal events.
-
- :func:`.event.listen` accepts the ``propagate=True``
- modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will
- be established for any copies made of the target object,
- i.e. those copies that are generated when
- :meth:`_schema.Table.to_metadata` is used.
-
- :func:`.event.listen` accepts the ``insert=True``
- modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will
- be prepended to the internal list of events upon discovery, and execute
- before registered listener functions that do not pass this argument.
-
- """
-
- def after_create(
- self, target: SchemaEventTarget, connection: Connection, **kw: Any
- ) -> None:
- r"""Called after CREATE statements are emitted.
-
- :param target: the :class:`.SchemaObject`, such as a
- :class:`_schema.MetaData` or :class:`_schema.Table`
- but also including all create/drop objects such as
- :class:`.Index`, :class:`.Sequence`, etc.,
- object which is the target of the event.
-
- .. versionadded:: 2.0 Support for all :class:`.SchemaItem` objects
- was added.
-
- :param connection: the :class:`_engine.Connection` where the
- CREATE statement or statements have been emitted.
- :param \**kw: additional keyword arguments relevant
- to the event. The contents of this dictionary
- may vary across releases, and include the
- list of tables being generated for a metadata-level
- event, the checkfirst flag, and other
- elements used by internal events.
-
- :func:`.event.listen` also accepts the ``propagate=True``
- modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will
- be established for any copies made of the target object,
- i.e. those copies that are generated when
- :meth:`_schema.Table.to_metadata` is used.
-
- """
-
- def before_drop(
- self, target: SchemaEventTarget, connection: Connection, **kw: Any
- ) -> None:
- r"""Called before DROP statements are emitted.
-
- :param target: the :class:`.SchemaObject`, such as a
- :class:`_schema.MetaData` or :class:`_schema.Table`
- but also including all create/drop objects such as
- :class:`.Index`, :class:`.Sequence`, etc.,
- object which is the target of the event.
-
- .. versionadded:: 2.0 Support for all :class:`.SchemaItem` objects
- was added.
-
- :param connection: the :class:`_engine.Connection` where the
- DROP statement or statements will be emitted.
- :param \**kw: additional keyword arguments relevant
- to the event. The contents of this dictionary
- may vary across releases, and include the
- list of tables being generated for a metadata-level
- event, the checkfirst flag, and other
- elements used by internal events.
-
- :func:`.event.listen` also accepts the ``propagate=True``
- modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will
- be established for any copies made of the target object,
- i.e. those copies that are generated when
- :meth:`_schema.Table.to_metadata` is used.
-
- """
-
- def after_drop(
- self, target: SchemaEventTarget, connection: Connection, **kw: Any
- ) -> None:
- r"""Called after DROP statements are emitted.
-
- :param target: the :class:`.SchemaObject`, such as a
- :class:`_schema.MetaData` or :class:`_schema.Table`
- but also including all create/drop objects such as
- :class:`.Index`, :class:`.Sequence`, etc.,
- object which is the target of the event.
-
- .. versionadded:: 2.0 Support for all :class:`.SchemaItem` objects
- was added.
-
- :param connection: the :class:`_engine.Connection` where the
- DROP statement or statements have been emitted.
- :param \**kw: additional keyword arguments relevant
- to the event. The contents of this dictionary
- may vary across releases, and include the
- list of tables being generated for a metadata-level
- event, the checkfirst flag, and other
- elements used by internal events.
-
- :func:`.event.listen` also accepts the ``propagate=True``
- modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will
- be established for any copies made of the target object,
- i.e. those copies that are generated when
- :meth:`_schema.Table.to_metadata` is used.
-
- """
-
- def before_parent_attach(
- self, target: SchemaEventTarget, parent: SchemaItem
- ) -> None:
- """Called before a :class:`.SchemaItem` is associated with
- a parent :class:`.SchemaItem`.
-
- :param target: the target object
- :param parent: the parent to which the target is being attached.
-
- :func:`.event.listen` also accepts the ``propagate=True``
- modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will
- be established for any copies made of the target object,
- i.e. those copies that are generated when
- :meth:`_schema.Table.to_metadata` is used.
-
- """
-
- def after_parent_attach(
- self, target: SchemaEventTarget, parent: SchemaItem
- ) -> None:
- """Called after a :class:`.SchemaItem` is associated with
- a parent :class:`.SchemaItem`.
-
- :param target: the target object
- :param parent: the parent to which the target is being attached.
-
- :func:`.event.listen` also accepts the ``propagate=True``
- modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will
- be established for any copies made of the target object,
- i.e. those copies that are generated when
- :meth:`_schema.Table.to_metadata` is used.
-
- """
-
- def _sa_event_column_added_to_pk_constraint(
- self, const: Constraint, col: Column[Any]
- ) -> None:
- """internal event hook used for primary key naming convention
- updates.
-
- """
-
- def column_reflect(
- self, inspector: Inspector, table: Table, column_info: ReflectedColumn
- ) -> None:
- """Called for each unit of 'column info' retrieved when
- a :class:`_schema.Table` is being reflected.
-
- This event is most easily used by applying it to a specific
- :class:`_schema.MetaData` instance, where it will take effect for
- all :class:`_schema.Table` objects within that
- :class:`_schema.MetaData` that undergo reflection::
-
- metadata = MetaData()
-
- @event.listens_for(metadata, 'column_reflect')
- def receive_column_reflect(inspector, table, column_info):
- # receives for all Table objects that are reflected
- # under this MetaData
-
-
- # will use the above event hook
- my_table = Table("my_table", metadata, autoload_with=some_engine)
-
-
- .. versionadded:: 1.4.0b2 The :meth:`_events.DDLEvents.column_reflect`
- hook may now be applied to a :class:`_schema.MetaData` object as
- well as the :class:`_schema.MetaData` class itself where it will
- take place for all :class:`_schema.Table` objects associated with
- the targeted :class:`_schema.MetaData`.
-
- It may also be applied to the :class:`_schema.Table` class across
- the board::
-
- from sqlalchemy import Table
-
- @event.listens_for(Table, 'column_reflect')
- def receive_column_reflect(inspector, table, column_info):
- # receives for all Table objects that are reflected
-
- It can also be applied to a specific :class:`_schema.Table` at the
- point that one is being reflected using the
- :paramref:`_schema.Table.listeners` parameter::
-
- t1 = Table(
- "my_table",
- autoload_with=some_engine,
- listeners=[
- ('column_reflect', receive_column_reflect)
- ]
- )
-
- The dictionary of column information as returned by the
- dialect is passed, and can be modified. The dictionary
- is that returned in each element of the list returned
- by :meth:`.reflection.Inspector.get_columns`:
-
- * ``name`` - the column's name, is applied to the
- :paramref:`_schema.Column.name` parameter
-
- * ``type`` - the type of this column, which should be an instance
- of :class:`~sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine`, is applied to the
- :paramref:`_schema.Column.type` parameter
-
- * ``nullable`` - boolean flag if the column is NULL or NOT NULL,
- is applied to the :paramref:`_schema.Column.nullable` parameter
-
- * ``default`` - the column's server default value. This is
- normally specified as a plain string SQL expression, however the
- event can pass a :class:`.FetchedValue`, :class:`.DefaultClause`,
- or :func:`_expression.text` object as well. Is applied to the
- :paramref:`_schema.Column.server_default` parameter
-
- The event is called before any action is taken against
- this dictionary, and the contents can be modified; the following
- additional keys may be added to the dictionary to further modify
- how the :class:`_schema.Column` is constructed:
-
-
- * ``key`` - the string key that will be used to access this
- :class:`_schema.Column` in the ``.c`` collection; will be applied
- to the :paramref:`_schema.Column.key` parameter. Is also used
- for ORM mapping. See the section
- :ref:`mapper_automated_reflection_schemes` for an example.
-
- * ``quote`` - force or un-force quoting on the column name;
- is applied to the :paramref:`_schema.Column.quote` parameter.
-
- * ``info`` - a dictionary of arbitrary data to follow along with
- the :class:`_schema.Column`, is applied to the
- :paramref:`_schema.Column.info` parameter.
-
- :func:`.event.listen` also accepts the ``propagate=True``
- modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will
- be established for any copies made of the target object,
- i.e. those copies that are generated when
- :meth:`_schema.Table.to_metadata` is used.
-
- .. seealso::
-
- :ref:`mapper_automated_reflection_schemes` -
- in the ORM mapping documentation
-
- :ref:`automap_intercepting_columns` -
- in the :ref:`automap_toplevel` documentation
-
- :ref:`metadata_reflection_dbagnostic_types` - in
- the :ref:`metadata_reflection_toplevel` documentation
-
- """