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+# dialects/postgresql/psycopg2.py
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2024 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
+# <see AUTHORS file>
+#
+# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
+# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+# mypy: ignore-errors
+
+r"""
+.. dialect:: postgresql+psycopg2
+ :name: psycopg2
+ :dbapi: psycopg2
+ :connectstring: postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]
+ :url: https://pypi.org/project/psycopg2/
+
+.. _psycopg2_toplevel:
+
+psycopg2 Connect Arguments
+--------------------------
+
+Keyword arguments that are specific to the SQLAlchemy psycopg2 dialect
+may be passed to :func:`_sa.create_engine()`, and include the following:
+
+
+* ``isolation_level``: This option, available for all PostgreSQL dialects,
+ includes the ``AUTOCOMMIT`` isolation level when using the psycopg2
+ dialect. This option sets the **default** isolation level for the
+ connection that is set immediately upon connection to the database before
+ the connection is pooled. This option is generally superseded by the more
+ modern :paramref:`_engine.Connection.execution_options.isolation_level`
+ execution option, detailed at :ref:`dbapi_autocommit`.
+
+ .. seealso::
+
+ :ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level`
+
+ :ref:`dbapi_autocommit`
+
+
+* ``client_encoding``: sets the client encoding in a libpq-agnostic way,
+ using psycopg2's ``set_client_encoding()`` method.
+
+ .. seealso::
+
+ :ref:`psycopg2_unicode`
+
+
+* ``executemany_mode``, ``executemany_batch_page_size``,
+ ``executemany_values_page_size``: Allows use of psycopg2
+ extensions for optimizing "executemany"-style queries. See the referenced
+ section below for details.
+
+ .. seealso::
+
+ :ref:`psycopg2_executemany_mode`
+
+.. tip::
+
+ The above keyword arguments are **dialect** keyword arguments, meaning
+ that they are passed as explicit keyword arguments to :func:`_sa.create_engine()`::
+
+ engine = create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
+ isolation_level="SERIALIZABLE",
+ )
+
+ These should not be confused with **DBAPI** connect arguments, which
+ are passed as part of the :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.connect_args`
+ dictionary and/or are passed in the URL query string, as detailed in
+ the section :ref:`custom_dbapi_args`.
+
+.. _psycopg2_ssl:
+
+SSL Connections
+---------------
+
+The psycopg2 module has a connection argument named ``sslmode`` for
+controlling its behavior regarding secure (SSL) connections. The default is
+``sslmode=prefer``; it will attempt an SSL connection and if that fails it
+will fall back to an unencrypted connection. ``sslmode=require`` may be used
+to ensure that only secure connections are established. Consult the
+psycopg2 / libpq documentation for further options that are available.
+
+Note that ``sslmode`` is specific to psycopg2 so it is included in the
+connection URI::
+
+ engine = sa.create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://scott:tiger@192.168.0.199:5432/test?sslmode=require"
+ )
+
+
+Unix Domain Connections
+------------------------
+
+psycopg2 supports connecting via Unix domain connections. When the ``host``
+portion of the URL is omitted, SQLAlchemy passes ``None`` to psycopg2,
+which specifies Unix-domain communication rather than TCP/IP communication::
+
+ create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname")
+
+By default, the socket file used is to connect to a Unix-domain socket
+in ``/tmp``, or whatever socket directory was specified when PostgreSQL
+was built. This value can be overridden by passing a pathname to psycopg2,
+using ``host`` as an additional keyword argument::
+
+ create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname?host=/var/lib/postgresql")
+
+.. warning:: The format accepted here allows for a hostname in the main URL
+ in addition to the "host" query string argument. **When using this URL
+ format, the initial host is silently ignored**. That is, this URL::
+
+ engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@myhost1/dbname?host=myhost2")
+
+ Above, the hostname ``myhost1`` is **silently ignored and discarded.** The
+ host which is connected is the ``myhost2`` host.
+
+ This is to maintain some degree of compatibility with PostgreSQL's own URL
+ format which has been tested to behave the same way and for which tools like
+ PifPaf hardcode two hostnames.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+ `PQconnectdbParams \
+ <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PQCONNECTDBPARAMS>`_
+
+.. _psycopg2_multi_host:
+
+Specifying multiple fallback hosts
+-----------------------------------
+
+psycopg2 supports multiple connection points in the connection string.
+When the ``host`` parameter is used multiple times in the query section of
+the URL, SQLAlchemy will create a single string of the host and port
+information provided to make the connections. Tokens may consist of
+``host::port`` or just ``host``; in the latter case, the default port
+is selected by libpq. In the example below, three host connections
+are specified, for ``HostA::PortA``, ``HostB`` connecting to the default port,
+and ``HostC::PortC``::
+
+ create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname?host=HostA:PortA&host=HostB&host=HostC:PortC"
+ )
+
+As an alternative, libpq query string format also may be used; this specifies
+``host`` and ``port`` as single query string arguments with comma-separated
+lists - the default port can be chosen by indicating an empty value
+in the comma separated list::
+
+ create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname?host=HostA,HostB,HostC&port=PortA,,PortC"
+ )
+
+With either URL style, connections to each host is attempted based on a
+configurable strategy, which may be configured using the libpq
+``target_session_attrs`` parameter. Per libpq this defaults to ``any``
+which indicates a connection to each host is then attempted until a connection is successful.
+Other strategies include ``primary``, ``prefer-standby``, etc. The complete
+list is documented by PostgreSQL at
+`libpq connection strings <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING>`_.
+
+For example, to indicate two hosts using the ``primary`` strategy::
+
+ create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname?host=HostA:PortA&host=HostB&host=HostC:PortC&target_session_attrs=primary"
+ )
+
+.. versionchanged:: 1.4.40 Port specification in psycopg2 multiple host format
+ is repaired, previously ports were not correctly interpreted in this context.
+ libpq comma-separated format is also now supported.
+
+.. versionadded:: 1.3.20 Support for multiple hosts in PostgreSQL connection
+ string.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+ `libpq connection strings <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING>`_ - please refer
+ to this section in the libpq documentation for complete background on multiple host support.
+
+
+Empty DSN Connections / Environment Variable Connections
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+The psycopg2 DBAPI can connect to PostgreSQL by passing an empty DSN to the
+libpq client library, which by default indicates to connect to a localhost
+PostgreSQL database that is open for "trust" connections. This behavior can be
+further tailored using a particular set of environment variables which are
+prefixed with ``PG_...``, which are consumed by ``libpq`` to take the place of
+any or all elements of the connection string.
+
+For this form, the URL can be passed without any elements other than the
+initial scheme::
+
+ engine = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2://')
+
+In the above form, a blank "dsn" string is passed to the ``psycopg2.connect()``
+function which in turn represents an empty DSN passed to libpq.
+
+.. versionadded:: 1.3.2 support for parameter-less connections with psycopg2.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+ `Environment Variables\
+ <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-envars.html>`_ -
+ PostgreSQL documentation on how to use ``PG_...``
+ environment variables for connections.
+
+.. _psycopg2_execution_options:
+
+Per-Statement/Connection Execution Options
+-------------------------------------------
+
+The following DBAPI-specific options are respected when used with
+:meth:`_engine.Connection.execution_options`,
+:meth:`.Executable.execution_options`,
+:meth:`_query.Query.execution_options`,
+in addition to those not specific to DBAPIs:
+
+* ``isolation_level`` - Set the transaction isolation level for the lifespan
+ of a :class:`_engine.Connection` (can only be set on a connection,
+ not a statement
+ or query). See :ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level`.
+
+* ``stream_results`` - Enable or disable usage of psycopg2 server side
+ cursors - this feature makes use of "named" cursors in combination with
+ special result handling methods so that result rows are not fully buffered.
+ Defaults to False, meaning cursors are buffered by default.
+
+* ``max_row_buffer`` - when using ``stream_results``, an integer value that
+ specifies the maximum number of rows to buffer at a time. This is
+ interpreted by the :class:`.BufferedRowCursorResult`, and if omitted the
+ buffer will grow to ultimately store 1000 rows at a time.
+
+ .. versionchanged:: 1.4 The ``max_row_buffer`` size can now be greater than
+ 1000, and the buffer will grow to that size.
+
+.. _psycopg2_batch_mode:
+
+.. _psycopg2_executemany_mode:
+
+Psycopg2 Fast Execution Helpers
+-------------------------------
+
+Modern versions of psycopg2 include a feature known as
+`Fast Execution Helpers \
+<https://initd.org/psycopg/docs/extras.html#fast-execution-helpers>`_, which
+have been shown in benchmarking to improve psycopg2's executemany()
+performance, primarily with INSERT statements, by at least
+an order of magnitude.
+
+SQLAlchemy implements a native form of the "insert many values"
+handler that will rewrite a single-row INSERT statement to accommodate for
+many values at once within an extended VALUES clause; this handler is
+equivalent to psycopg2's ``execute_values()`` handler; an overview of this
+feature and its configuration are at :ref:`engine_insertmanyvalues`.
+
+.. versionadded:: 2.0 Replaced psycopg2's ``execute_values()`` fast execution
+ helper with a native SQLAlchemy mechanism known as
+ :ref:`insertmanyvalues <engine_insertmanyvalues>`.
+
+The psycopg2 dialect retains the ability to use the psycopg2-specific
+``execute_batch()`` feature, although it is not expected that this is a widely
+used feature. The use of this extension may be enabled using the
+``executemany_mode`` flag which may be passed to :func:`_sa.create_engine`::
+
+ engine = create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://scott:tiger@host/dbname",
+ executemany_mode='values_plus_batch')
+
+
+Possible options for ``executemany_mode`` include:
+
+* ``values_only`` - this is the default value. SQLAlchemy's native
+ :ref:`insertmanyvalues <engine_insertmanyvalues>` handler is used for qualifying
+ INSERT statements, assuming
+ :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.use_insertmanyvalues` is left at
+ its default value of ``True``. This handler rewrites simple
+ INSERT statements to include multiple VALUES clauses so that many
+ parameter sets can be inserted with one statement.
+
+* ``'values_plus_batch'``- SQLAlchemy's native
+ :ref:`insertmanyvalues <engine_insertmanyvalues>` handler is used for qualifying
+ INSERT statements, assuming
+ :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.use_insertmanyvalues` is left at its default
+ value of ``True``. Then, psycopg2's ``execute_batch()`` handler is used for
+ qualifying UPDATE and DELETE statements when executed with multiple parameter
+ sets. When using this mode, the :attr:`_engine.CursorResult.rowcount`
+ attribute will not contain a value for executemany-style executions against
+ UPDATE and DELETE statements.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 2.0 Removed the ``'batch'`` and ``'None'`` options
+ from psycopg2 ``executemany_mode``. Control over batching for INSERT
+ statements is now configured via the
+ :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.use_insertmanyvalues` engine-level parameter.
+
+The term "qualifying statements" refers to the statement being executed
+being a Core :func:`_expression.insert`, :func:`_expression.update`
+or :func:`_expression.delete` construct, and **not** a plain textual SQL
+string or one constructed using :func:`_expression.text`. It also may **not** be
+a special "extension" statement such as an "ON CONFLICT" "upsert" statement.
+When using the ORM, all insert/update/delete statements used by the ORM flush process
+are qualifying.
+
+The "page size" for the psycopg2 "batch" strategy can be affected
+by using the ``executemany_batch_page_size`` parameter, which defaults to
+100.
+
+For the "insertmanyvalues" feature, the page size can be controlled using the
+:paramref:`_sa.create_engine.insertmanyvalues_page_size` parameter,
+which defaults to 1000. An example of modifying both parameters
+is below::
+
+ engine = create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://scott:tiger@host/dbname",
+ executemany_mode='values_plus_batch',
+ insertmanyvalues_page_size=5000, executemany_batch_page_size=500)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+ :ref:`engine_insertmanyvalues` - background on "insertmanyvalues"
+
+ :ref:`tutorial_multiple_parameters` - General information on using the
+ :class:`_engine.Connection`
+ object to execute statements in such a way as to make
+ use of the DBAPI ``.executemany()`` method.
+
+
+.. _psycopg2_unicode:
+
+Unicode with Psycopg2
+----------------------
+
+The psycopg2 DBAPI driver supports Unicode data transparently.
+
+The client character encoding can be controlled for the psycopg2 dialect
+in the following ways:
+
+* For PostgreSQL 9.1 and above, the ``client_encoding`` parameter may be
+ passed in the database URL; this parameter is consumed by the underlying
+ ``libpq`` PostgreSQL client library::
+
+ engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname?client_encoding=utf8")
+
+ Alternatively, the above ``client_encoding`` value may be passed using
+ :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.connect_args` for programmatic establishment with
+ ``libpq``::
+
+ engine = create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname",
+ connect_args={'client_encoding': 'utf8'}
+ )
+
+* For all PostgreSQL versions, psycopg2 supports a client-side encoding
+ value that will be passed to database connections when they are first
+ established. The SQLAlchemy psycopg2 dialect supports this using the
+ ``client_encoding`` parameter passed to :func:`_sa.create_engine`::
+
+ engine = create_engine(
+ "postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname",
+ client_encoding="utf8"
+ )
+
+ .. tip:: The above ``client_encoding`` parameter admittedly is very similar
+ in appearance to usage of the parameter within the
+ :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.connect_args` dictionary; the difference
+ above is that the parameter is consumed by psycopg2 and is
+ passed to the database connection using ``SET client_encoding TO
+ 'utf8'``; in the previously mentioned style, the parameter is instead
+ passed through psycopg2 and consumed by the ``libpq`` library.
+
+* A common way to set up client encoding with PostgreSQL databases is to
+ ensure it is configured within the server-side postgresql.conf file;
+ this is the recommended way to set encoding for a server that is
+ consistently of one encoding in all databases::
+
+ # postgresql.conf file
+
+ # client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
+ # encoding
+ client_encoding = utf8
+
+
+
+Transactions
+------------
+
+The psycopg2 dialect fully supports SAVEPOINT and two-phase commit operations.
+
+.. _psycopg2_isolation_level:
+
+Psycopg2 Transaction Isolation Level
+-------------------------------------
+
+As discussed in :ref:`postgresql_isolation_level`,
+all PostgreSQL dialects support setting of transaction isolation level
+both via the ``isolation_level`` parameter passed to :func:`_sa.create_engine`
+,
+as well as the ``isolation_level`` argument used by
+:meth:`_engine.Connection.execution_options`. When using the psycopg2 dialect
+, these
+options make use of psycopg2's ``set_isolation_level()`` connection method,
+rather than emitting a PostgreSQL directive; this is because psycopg2's
+API-level setting is always emitted at the start of each transaction in any
+case.
+
+The psycopg2 dialect supports these constants for isolation level:
+
+* ``READ COMMITTED``
+* ``READ UNCOMMITTED``
+* ``REPEATABLE READ``
+* ``SERIALIZABLE``
+* ``AUTOCOMMIT``
+
+.. seealso::
+
+ :ref:`postgresql_isolation_level`
+
+ :ref:`pg8000_isolation_level`
+
+
+NOTICE logging
+---------------
+
+The psycopg2 dialect will log PostgreSQL NOTICE messages
+via the ``sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql`` logger. When this logger
+is set to the ``logging.INFO`` level, notice messages will be logged::
+
+ import logging
+
+ logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql').setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+Above, it is assumed that logging is configured externally. If this is not
+the case, configuration such as ``logging.basicConfig()`` must be utilized::
+
+ import logging
+
+ logging.basicConfig() # log messages to stdout
+ logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql').setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+ `Logging HOWTO <https://docs.python.org/3/howto/logging.html>`_ - on the python.org website
+
+.. _psycopg2_hstore:
+
+HSTORE type
+------------
+
+The ``psycopg2`` DBAPI includes an extension to natively handle marshalling of
+the HSTORE type. The SQLAlchemy psycopg2 dialect will enable this extension
+by default when psycopg2 version 2.4 or greater is used, and
+it is detected that the target database has the HSTORE type set up for use.
+In other words, when the dialect makes the first
+connection, a sequence like the following is performed:
+
+1. Request the available HSTORE oids using
+ ``psycopg2.extras.HstoreAdapter.get_oids()``.
+ If this function returns a list of HSTORE identifiers, we then determine
+ that the ``HSTORE`` extension is present.
+ This function is **skipped** if the version of psycopg2 installed is
+ less than version 2.4.
+
+2. If the ``use_native_hstore`` flag is at its default of ``True``, and
+ we've detected that ``HSTORE`` oids are available, the
+ ``psycopg2.extensions.register_hstore()`` extension is invoked for all
+ connections.
+
+The ``register_hstore()`` extension has the effect of **all Python
+dictionaries being accepted as parameters regardless of the type of target
+column in SQL**. The dictionaries are converted by this extension into a
+textual HSTORE expression. If this behavior is not desired, disable the
+use of the hstore extension by setting ``use_native_hstore`` to ``False`` as
+follows::
+
+ engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
+ use_native_hstore=False)
+
+The ``HSTORE`` type is **still supported** when the
+``psycopg2.extensions.register_hstore()`` extension is not used. It merely
+means that the coercion between Python dictionaries and the HSTORE
+string format, on both the parameter side and the result side, will take
+place within SQLAlchemy's own marshalling logic, and not that of ``psycopg2``
+which may be more performant.
+
+""" # noqa
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as collections_abc
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import cast
+
+from . import ranges
+from ._psycopg_common import _PGDialect_common_psycopg
+from ._psycopg_common import _PGExecutionContext_common_psycopg
+from .base import PGIdentifierPreparer
+from .json import JSON
+from .json import JSONB
+from ... import types as sqltypes
+from ... import util
+from ...util import FastIntFlag
+from ...util import parse_user_argument_for_enum
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql")
+
+
+class _PGJSON(JSON):
+ def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
+ return None
+
+
+class _PGJSONB(JSONB):
+ def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
+ return None
+
+
+class _Psycopg2Range(ranges.AbstractSingleRangeImpl):
+ _psycopg2_range_cls = "none"
+
+ def bind_processor(self, dialect):
+ psycopg2_Range = getattr(
+ cast(PGDialect_psycopg2, dialect)._psycopg2_extras,
+ self._psycopg2_range_cls,
+ )
+
+ def to_range(value):
+ if isinstance(value, ranges.Range):
+ value = psycopg2_Range(
+ value.lower, value.upper, value.bounds, value.empty
+ )
+ return value
+
+ return to_range
+
+ def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
+ def to_range(value):
+ if value is not None:
+ value = ranges.Range(
+ value._lower,
+ value._upper,
+ bounds=value._bounds if value._bounds else "[)",
+ empty=not value._bounds,
+ )
+ return value
+
+ return to_range
+
+
+class _Psycopg2NumericRange(_Psycopg2Range):
+ _psycopg2_range_cls = "NumericRange"
+
+
+class _Psycopg2DateRange(_Psycopg2Range):
+ _psycopg2_range_cls = "DateRange"
+
+
+class _Psycopg2DateTimeRange(_Psycopg2Range):
+ _psycopg2_range_cls = "DateTimeRange"
+
+
+class _Psycopg2DateTimeTZRange(_Psycopg2Range):
+ _psycopg2_range_cls = "DateTimeTZRange"
+
+
+class PGExecutionContext_psycopg2(_PGExecutionContext_common_psycopg):
+ _psycopg2_fetched_rows = None
+
+ def post_exec(self):
+ self._log_notices(self.cursor)
+
+ def _log_notices(self, cursor):
+ # check also that notices is an iterable, after it's already
+ # established that we will be iterating through it. This is to get
+ # around test suites such as SQLAlchemy's using a Mock object for
+ # cursor
+ if not cursor.connection.notices or not isinstance(
+ cursor.connection.notices, collections_abc.Iterable
+ ):
+ return
+
+ for notice in cursor.connection.notices:
+ # NOTICE messages have a
+ # newline character at the end
+ logger.info(notice.rstrip())
+
+ cursor.connection.notices[:] = []
+
+
+class PGIdentifierPreparer_psycopg2(PGIdentifierPreparer):
+ pass
+
+
+class ExecutemanyMode(FastIntFlag):
+ EXECUTEMANY_VALUES = 0
+ EXECUTEMANY_VALUES_PLUS_BATCH = 1
+
+
+(
+ EXECUTEMANY_VALUES,
+ EXECUTEMANY_VALUES_PLUS_BATCH,
+) = ExecutemanyMode.__members__.values()
+
+
+class PGDialect_psycopg2(_PGDialect_common_psycopg):
+ driver = "psycopg2"
+
+ supports_statement_cache = True
+ supports_server_side_cursors = True
+
+ default_paramstyle = "pyformat"
+ # set to true based on psycopg2 version
+ supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
+ execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_psycopg2
+ preparer = PGIdentifierPreparer_psycopg2
+ psycopg2_version = (0, 0)
+ use_insertmanyvalues_wo_returning = True
+
+ returns_native_bytes = False
+
+ _has_native_hstore = True
+
+ colspecs = util.update_copy(
+ _PGDialect_common_psycopg.colspecs,
+ {
+ JSON: _PGJSON,
+ sqltypes.JSON: _PGJSON,
+ JSONB: _PGJSONB,
+ ranges.INT4RANGE: _Psycopg2NumericRange,
+ ranges.INT8RANGE: _Psycopg2NumericRange,
+ ranges.NUMRANGE: _Psycopg2NumericRange,
+ ranges.DATERANGE: _Psycopg2DateRange,
+ ranges.TSRANGE: _Psycopg2DateTimeRange,
+ ranges.TSTZRANGE: _Psycopg2DateTimeTZRange,
+ },
+ )
+
+ def __init__(
+ self,
+ executemany_mode="values_only",
+ executemany_batch_page_size=100,
+ **kwargs,
+ ):
+ _PGDialect_common_psycopg.__init__(self, **kwargs)
+
+ if self._native_inet_types:
+ raise NotImplementedError(
+ "The psycopg2 dialect does not implement "
+ "ipaddress type handling; native_inet_types cannot be set "
+ "to ``True`` when using this dialect."
+ )
+
+ # Parse executemany_mode argument, allowing it to be only one of the
+ # symbol names
+ self.executemany_mode = parse_user_argument_for_enum(
+ executemany_mode,
+ {
+ EXECUTEMANY_VALUES: ["values_only"],
+ EXECUTEMANY_VALUES_PLUS_BATCH: ["values_plus_batch"],
+ },
+ "executemany_mode",
+ )
+
+ self.executemany_batch_page_size = executemany_batch_page_size
+
+ if self.dbapi and hasattr(self.dbapi, "__version__"):
+ m = re.match(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?", self.dbapi.__version__)
+ if m:
+ self.psycopg2_version = tuple(
+ int(x) for x in m.group(1, 2, 3) if x is not None
+ )
+
+ if self.psycopg2_version < (2, 7):
+ raise ImportError(
+ "psycopg2 version 2.7 or higher is required."
+ )
+
+ def initialize(self, connection):
+ super().initialize(connection)
+ self._has_native_hstore = (
+ self.use_native_hstore
+ and self._hstore_oids(connection.connection.dbapi_connection)
+ is not None
+ )
+
+ self.supports_sane_multi_rowcount = (
+ self.executemany_mode is not EXECUTEMANY_VALUES_PLUS_BATCH
+ )
+
+ @classmethod
+ def import_dbapi(cls):
+ import psycopg2
+
+ return psycopg2
+
+ @util.memoized_property
+ def _psycopg2_extensions(cls):
+ from psycopg2 import extensions
+
+ return extensions
+
+ @util.memoized_property
+ def _psycopg2_extras(cls):
+ from psycopg2 import extras
+
+ return extras
+
+ @util.memoized_property
+ def _isolation_lookup(self):
+ extensions = self._psycopg2_extensions
+ return {
+ "AUTOCOMMIT": extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT,
+ "READ COMMITTED": extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITTED,
+ "READ UNCOMMITTED": extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_UNCOMMITTED,
+ "REPEATABLE READ": extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_REPEATABLE_READ,
+ "SERIALIZABLE": extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_SERIALIZABLE,
+ }
+
+ def set_isolation_level(self, dbapi_connection, level):
+ dbapi_connection.set_isolation_level(self._isolation_lookup[level])
+
+ def set_readonly(self, connection, value):
+ connection.readonly = value
+
+ def get_readonly(self, connection):
+ return connection.readonly
+
+ def set_deferrable(self, connection, value):
+ connection.deferrable = value
+
+ def get_deferrable(self, connection):
+ return connection.deferrable
+
+ def on_connect(self):
+ extras = self._psycopg2_extras
+
+ fns = []
+ if self.client_encoding is not None:
+
+ def on_connect(dbapi_conn):
+ dbapi_conn.set_client_encoding(self.client_encoding)
+
+ fns.append(on_connect)
+
+ if self.dbapi:
+
+ def on_connect(dbapi_conn):
+ extras.register_uuid(None, dbapi_conn)
+
+ fns.append(on_connect)
+
+ if self.dbapi and self.use_native_hstore:
+
+ def on_connect(dbapi_conn):
+ hstore_oids = self._hstore_oids(dbapi_conn)
+ if hstore_oids is not None:
+ oid, array_oid = hstore_oids
+ kw = {"oid": oid}
+ kw["array_oid"] = array_oid
+ extras.register_hstore(dbapi_conn, **kw)
+
+ fns.append(on_connect)
+
+ if self.dbapi and self._json_deserializer:
+
+ def on_connect(dbapi_conn):
+ extras.register_default_json(
+ dbapi_conn, loads=self._json_deserializer
+ )
+ extras.register_default_jsonb(
+ dbapi_conn, loads=self._json_deserializer
+ )
+
+ fns.append(on_connect)
+
+ if fns:
+
+ def on_connect(dbapi_conn):
+ for fn in fns:
+ fn(dbapi_conn)
+
+ return on_connect
+ else:
+ return None
+
+ def do_executemany(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
+ if self.executemany_mode is EXECUTEMANY_VALUES_PLUS_BATCH:
+ if self.executemany_batch_page_size:
+ kwargs = {"page_size": self.executemany_batch_page_size}
+ else:
+ kwargs = {}
+ self._psycopg2_extras.execute_batch(
+ cursor, statement, parameters, **kwargs
+ )
+ else:
+ cursor.executemany(statement, parameters)
+
+ def do_begin_twophase(self, connection, xid):
+ connection.connection.tpc_begin(xid)
+
+ def do_prepare_twophase(self, connection, xid):
+ connection.connection.tpc_prepare()
+
+ def _do_twophase(self, dbapi_conn, operation, xid, recover=False):
+ if recover:
+ if dbapi_conn.status != self._psycopg2_extensions.STATUS_READY:
+ dbapi_conn.rollback()
+ operation(xid)
+ else:
+ operation()
+
+ def do_rollback_twophase(
+ self, connection, xid, is_prepared=True, recover=False
+ ):
+ dbapi_conn = connection.connection.dbapi_connection
+ self._do_twophase(
+ dbapi_conn, dbapi_conn.tpc_rollback, xid, recover=recover
+ )
+
+ def do_commit_twophase(
+ self, connection, xid, is_prepared=True, recover=False
+ ):
+ dbapi_conn = connection.connection.dbapi_connection
+ self._do_twophase(
+ dbapi_conn, dbapi_conn.tpc_commit, xid, recover=recover
+ )
+
+ @util.memoized_instancemethod
+ def _hstore_oids(self, dbapi_connection):
+ extras = self._psycopg2_extras
+ oids = extras.HstoreAdapter.get_oids(dbapi_connection)
+ if oids is not None and oids[0]:
+ return oids[0:2]
+ else:
+ return None
+
+ def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
+ if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.Error):
+ # check the "closed" flag. this might not be
+ # present on old psycopg2 versions. Also,
+ # this flag doesn't actually help in a lot of disconnect
+ # situations, so don't rely on it.
+ if getattr(connection, "closed", False):
+ return True
+
+ # checks based on strings. in the case that .closed
+ # didn't cut it, fall back onto these.
+ str_e = str(e).partition("\n")[0]
+ for msg in [
+ # these error messages from libpq: interfaces/libpq/fe-misc.c
+ # and interfaces/libpq/fe-secure.c.
+ "terminating connection",
+ "closed the connection",
+ "connection not open",
+ "could not receive data from server",
+ "could not send data to server",
+ # psycopg2 client errors, psycopg2/connection.h,
+ # psycopg2/cursor.h
+ "connection already closed",
+ "cursor already closed",
+ # not sure where this path is originally from, it may
+ # be obsolete. It really says "losed", not "closed".
+ "losed the connection unexpectedly",
+ # these can occur in newer SSL
+ "connection has been closed unexpectedly",
+ "SSL error: decryption failed or bad record mac",
+ "SSL SYSCALL error: Bad file descriptor",
+ "SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected",
+ "SSL SYSCALL error: Operation timed out",
+ "SSL SYSCALL error: Bad address",
+ ]:
+ idx = str_e.find(msg)
+ if idx >= 0 and '"' not in str_e[:idx]:
+ return True
+ return False
+
+
+dialect = PGDialect_psycopg2