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-# dialects/postgresql/dml.py
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2024 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
-# <see AUTHORS file>
-#
-# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
-# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from typing import Any
-from typing import Optional
-
-from . import ext
-from .._typing import _OnConflictConstraintT
-from .._typing import _OnConflictIndexElementsT
-from .._typing import _OnConflictIndexWhereT
-from .._typing import _OnConflictSetT
-from .._typing import _OnConflictWhereT
-from ... import util
-from ...sql import coercions
-from ...sql import roles
-from ...sql import schema
-from ...sql._typing import _DMLTableArgument
-from ...sql.base import _exclusive_against
-from ...sql.base import _generative
-from ...sql.base import ColumnCollection
-from ...sql.base import ReadOnlyColumnCollection
-from ...sql.dml import Insert as StandardInsert
-from ...sql.elements import ClauseElement
-from ...sql.elements import KeyedColumnElement
-from ...sql.expression import alias
-from ...util.typing import Self
-
-
-__all__ = ("Insert", "insert")
-
-
-def insert(table: _DMLTableArgument) -> Insert:
- """Construct a PostgreSQL-specific variant :class:`_postgresql.Insert`
- construct.
-
- .. container:: inherited_member
-
- The :func:`sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.insert` function creates
- a :class:`sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.Insert`. This class is based
- on the dialect-agnostic :class:`_sql.Insert` construct which may
- be constructed using the :func:`_sql.insert` function in
- SQLAlchemy Core.
-
- The :class:`_postgresql.Insert` construct includes additional methods
- :meth:`_postgresql.Insert.on_conflict_do_update`,
- :meth:`_postgresql.Insert.on_conflict_do_nothing`.
-
- """
- return Insert(table)
-
-
-class Insert(StandardInsert):
- """PostgreSQL-specific implementation of INSERT.
-
- Adds methods for PG-specific syntaxes such as ON CONFLICT.
-
- The :class:`_postgresql.Insert` object is created using the
- :func:`sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.insert` function.
-
- """
-
- stringify_dialect = "postgresql"
- inherit_cache = False
-
- @util.memoized_property
- def excluded(
- self,
- ) -> ReadOnlyColumnCollection[str, KeyedColumnElement[Any]]:
- """Provide the ``excluded`` namespace for an ON CONFLICT statement
-
- PG's ON CONFLICT clause allows reference to the row that would
- be inserted, known as ``excluded``. This attribute provides
- all columns in this row to be referenceable.
-
- .. tip:: The :attr:`_postgresql.Insert.excluded` attribute is an
- instance of :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection`, which provides
- an interface the same as that of the :attr:`_schema.Table.c`
- collection described at :ref:`metadata_tables_and_columns`.
- With this collection, ordinary names are accessible like attributes
- (e.g. ``stmt.excluded.some_column``), but special names and
- dictionary method names should be accessed using indexed access,
- such as ``stmt.excluded["column name"]`` or
- ``stmt.excluded["values"]``. See the docstring for
- :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` for further examples.
-
- .. seealso::
-
- :ref:`postgresql_insert_on_conflict` - example of how
- to use :attr:`_expression.Insert.excluded`
-
- """
- return alias(self.table, name="excluded").columns
-
- _on_conflict_exclusive = _exclusive_against(
- "_post_values_clause",
- msgs={
- "_post_values_clause": "This Insert construct already has "
- "an ON CONFLICT clause established"
- },
- )
-
- @_generative
- @_on_conflict_exclusive
- def on_conflict_do_update(
- self,
- constraint: _OnConflictConstraintT = None,
- index_elements: _OnConflictIndexElementsT = None,
- index_where: _OnConflictIndexWhereT = None,
- set_: _OnConflictSetT = None,
- where: _OnConflictWhereT = None,
- ) -> Self:
- r"""
- Specifies a DO UPDATE SET action for ON CONFLICT clause.
-
- Either the ``constraint`` or ``index_elements`` argument is
- required, but only one of these can be specified.
-
- :param constraint:
- The name of a unique or exclusion constraint on the table,
- or the constraint object itself if it has a .name attribute.
-
- :param index_elements:
- A sequence consisting of string column names, :class:`_schema.Column`
- objects, or other column expression objects that will be used
- to infer a target index.
-
- :param index_where:
- Additional WHERE criterion that can be used to infer a
- conditional target index.
-
- :param set\_:
- A dictionary or other mapping object
- where the keys are either names of columns in the target table,
- or :class:`_schema.Column` objects or other ORM-mapped columns
- matching that of the target table, and expressions or literals
- as values, specifying the ``SET`` actions to take.
-
- .. versionadded:: 1.4 The
- :paramref:`_postgresql.Insert.on_conflict_do_update.set_`
- parameter supports :class:`_schema.Column` objects from the target
- :class:`_schema.Table` as keys.
-
- .. warning:: This dictionary does **not** take into account
- Python-specified default UPDATE values or generation functions,
- e.g. those specified using :paramref:`_schema.Column.onupdate`.
- These values will not be exercised for an ON CONFLICT style of
- UPDATE, unless they are manually specified in the
- :paramref:`.Insert.on_conflict_do_update.set_` dictionary.
-
- :param where:
- Optional argument. If present, can be a literal SQL
- string or an acceptable expression for a ``WHERE`` clause
- that restricts the rows affected by ``DO UPDATE SET``. Rows
- not meeting the ``WHERE`` condition will not be updated
- (effectively a ``DO NOTHING`` for those rows).
-
-
- .. seealso::
-
- :ref:`postgresql_insert_on_conflict`
-
- """
- self._post_values_clause = OnConflictDoUpdate(
- constraint, index_elements, index_where, set_, where
- )
- return self
-
- @_generative
- @_on_conflict_exclusive
- def on_conflict_do_nothing(
- self,
- constraint: _OnConflictConstraintT = None,
- index_elements: _OnConflictIndexElementsT = None,
- index_where: _OnConflictIndexWhereT = None,
- ) -> Self:
- """
- Specifies a DO NOTHING action for ON CONFLICT clause.
-
- The ``constraint`` and ``index_elements`` arguments
- are optional, but only one of these can be specified.
-
- :param constraint:
- The name of a unique or exclusion constraint on the table,
- or the constraint object itself if it has a .name attribute.
-
- :param index_elements:
- A sequence consisting of string column names, :class:`_schema.Column`
- objects, or other column expression objects that will be used
- to infer a target index.
-
- :param index_where:
- Additional WHERE criterion that can be used to infer a
- conditional target index.
-
- .. seealso::
-
- :ref:`postgresql_insert_on_conflict`
-
- """
- self._post_values_clause = OnConflictDoNothing(
- constraint, index_elements, index_where
- )
- return self
-
-
-class OnConflictClause(ClauseElement):
- stringify_dialect = "postgresql"
-
- constraint_target: Optional[str]
- inferred_target_elements: _OnConflictIndexElementsT
- inferred_target_whereclause: _OnConflictIndexWhereT
-
- def __init__(
- self,
- constraint: _OnConflictConstraintT = None,
- index_elements: _OnConflictIndexElementsT = None,
- index_where: _OnConflictIndexWhereT = None,
- ):
- if constraint is not None:
- if not isinstance(constraint, str) and isinstance(
- constraint,
- (schema.Constraint, ext.ExcludeConstraint),
- ):
- constraint = getattr(constraint, "name") or constraint
-
- if constraint is not None:
- if index_elements is not None:
- raise ValueError(
- "'constraint' and 'index_elements' are mutually exclusive"
- )
-
- if isinstance(constraint, str):
- self.constraint_target = constraint
- self.inferred_target_elements = None
- self.inferred_target_whereclause = None
- elif isinstance(constraint, schema.Index):
- index_elements = constraint.expressions
- index_where = constraint.dialect_options["postgresql"].get(
- "where"
- )
- elif isinstance(constraint, ext.ExcludeConstraint):
- index_elements = constraint.columns
- index_where = constraint.where
- else:
- index_elements = constraint.columns
- index_where = constraint.dialect_options["postgresql"].get(
- "where"
- )
-
- if index_elements is not None:
- self.constraint_target = None
- self.inferred_target_elements = index_elements
- self.inferred_target_whereclause = index_where
- elif constraint is None:
- self.constraint_target = self.inferred_target_elements = (
- self.inferred_target_whereclause
- ) = None
-
-
-class OnConflictDoNothing(OnConflictClause):
- __visit_name__ = "on_conflict_do_nothing"
-
-
-class OnConflictDoUpdate(OnConflictClause):
- __visit_name__ = "on_conflict_do_update"
-
- def __init__(
- self,
- constraint: _OnConflictConstraintT = None,
- index_elements: _OnConflictIndexElementsT = None,
- index_where: _OnConflictIndexWhereT = None,
- set_: _OnConflictSetT = None,
- where: _OnConflictWhereT = None,
- ):
- super().__init__(
- constraint=constraint,
- index_elements=index_elements,
- index_where=index_where,
- )
-
- if (
- self.inferred_target_elements is None
- and self.constraint_target is None
- ):
- raise ValueError(
- "Either constraint or index_elements, "
- "but not both, must be specified unless DO NOTHING"
- )
-
- if isinstance(set_, dict):
- if not set_:
- raise ValueError("set parameter dictionary must not be empty")
- elif isinstance(set_, ColumnCollection):
- set_ = dict(set_)
- else:
- raise ValueError(
- "set parameter must be a non-empty dictionary "
- "or a ColumnCollection such as the `.c.` collection "
- "of a Table object"
- )
- self.update_values_to_set = [
- (coercions.expect(roles.DMLColumnRole, key), value)
- for key, value in set_.items()
- ]
- self.update_whereclause = where